{"id":1101,"date":"2023-06-05T14:12:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-05T14:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eng.icgers.com\/?p=1101"},"modified":"2025-10-13T12:16:08","modified_gmt":"2025-10-13T12:16:08","slug":"the-disintegration-of-sudan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eng.icgers.com\/index.php\/2023\/06\/05\/the-disintegration-of-sudan\/","title":{"rendered":"The Disintegration of Sudan: Between the Laws of Action and Reaction and the Views of Dhimmis and Mawalis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Unrest, fighting, and strife have proliferated between the commander of the Sudanese army, Lieutenant General Abdel Fattah Al-Burhan, and the commander of the Rapid Support Forces (formerly known as Janjaweed), Lieutenant General Muhammad Hamdan Dagalo, known as \u201cHemedti\u201d from Khartoum to other provinces in Sudan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The national and religious strife is rearing its ugly head between the different nations, nationalities, and tribes of these states. The consequence of their divergent and antagonistic interests, origins, and principles is the disintegration and division of Sudan into several geopolitical circles. It was driven by the difference and dissonance between the original socio-cultural groups from which Sudan arose starting in 1821 AD during the campaign of Muhammad Ali Pasha, and that continued with the English colonization in 1896, when the current geopolitical structure of Sudan was established.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1T1hzTUilPzkuKWWZ0zZsWtPcE23_5Fvj\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click to continue<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Unrest, fighting, and strife have proliferated between the commander of the Sudanese army, Lieutenant General Abdel Fattah Al-Burhan, and the commander of the Rapid Support Forces (formerly known as Janjaweed), Lieutenant General Muhammad Hamdan Dagalo, known as \u201cHemedti\u201d from Khartoum to other provinces in Sudan. The national and religious strife is rearing its ugly head &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1106,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,2],"tags":[31,44,56],"class_list":["post-1101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mena-geopolitical-analysis","category-geopolitical-studies","tag-icger","tag-middle-east","tag-sudan"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Disintegration of Sudan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Unrest, fighting, and strife have proliferated between the commander of the Sudanese army, Lieutenant General Abdel Fattah Al-Burhan, and the commander of the Rapid Support Forces (formerly known as Janjaweed), Lieutenant General Muhammad Hamdan Dagalo, known as \u201cHemedti\u201d from Khartoum to other provinces in Sudan.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/eng.icgers.com\/index.php\/2023\/06\/05\/the-disintegration-of-sudan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Disintegration of Sudan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Unrest, fighting, and strife have proliferated between the commander of the Sudanese army, Lieutenant General Abdel Fattah Al-Burhan, and the commander of the Rapid Support Forces (formerly known as Janjaweed), Lieutenant General Muhammad Hamdan Dagalo, known as \u201cHemedti\u201d from Khartoum to other provinces in Sudan.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/eng.icgers.com\/index.php\/2023\/06\/05\/the-disintegration-of-sudan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ICGER\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=61552288207858\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-06-05T14:12:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-13T12:16:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/eng.icgers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/IMG-20230605-WA0068.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr Mohammad Walid Youssef\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ICGER_ICGER\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ICGER_ICGER\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr Mohammad Walid Youssef\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/eng.icgers.com\/index.php\/2023\/06\/05\/the-disintegration-of-sudan\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/eng.icgers.com\/index.php\/2023\/06\/05\/the-disintegration-of-sudan\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dr Mohammad Walid Youssef\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/eng.icgers.com\/#\/schema\/person\/b1769360d39b2df99044eafbc588a015\"},\"headline\":\"The Disintegration of Sudan: Between the Laws of Action and Reaction and the Views of Dhimmis and Mawalis\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-06-05T14:12:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-13T12:16:08+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/eng.icgers.com\/index.php\/2023\/06\/05\/the-disintegration-of-sudan\/\"},\"wordCount\":152,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/eng.icgers.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/eng.icgers.com\/index.php\/2023\/06\/05\/the-disintegration-of-sudan\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/eng.icgers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/IMG-20230605-WA0068.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"ICGER\",\"Middle East\",\"Sudan\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Middle East &amp; 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