An Archaeology of the Rise of Takfir in Islamic History

Attacks with explosives and intra-Muslim killings have dramatically increased without condemnation. They became so normalized that a suicide attack or driving a car packed with explosives into a mosque, a public market, a school, a university, or a hospital does not garner attention or care, even when it kills tens or hundreds of Muslim civilians.

Hundreds of worshippers died in the Al Rawda mosque in Sinai, Egypt, in 2007, and others in the schools, universities, and mosques in Balochistan, Waziristan, Peshawar in Pakistan; in Kabul, Jalalabad, and Kandahar in Afghanistan; in A’zamiyah and Al-Karkh in Baghdad in Iraq; similarly in Nigeria, Syria, and other locations in the Muslim world.